Article 1 Ultrasonic Examination Procedure
第 1 条超声波检查程序
1 Purpose 目的
In order to ensure the qualification of products, ultrasonic examination is one of the methods to inspect defects of material.
为了保证产品的合格性，超声波检测是检测材料缺陷的方法之一。
2 General Requirements 一般要求
2.1 The operators shall be qualified for UT in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
2.1操作员应具备SNT-TC-1A规定的超声波检测资格。
2.2 The equipment shall be up to standard, instrument model to be PXUT-320C. The equipment shall be calibrated every half year to ensure work properly. The date of the last calibration and the date of the next required calibration shall be displayed on the test equipment.
2.2设备应符合标准，仪器型号为PXUT-320C。设备应每半年校准一次，以确保正常工作。上次校准的日期和下一次所需校准的日期应显示在测试设备上。
2.3 The detector, and function of same are examined qualified. 探测器及其功能检查合格。
2.4 Surface of material have been checked perfect.材料表面已检查完好。
2.5 Cover rate Cover rate of the detector every time shall be more 10% than diameter of detector, to ensure the whole examined zone be covered.覆盖率每次探测器的覆盖率应大于探测器直径的10%，以确保覆盖整个检查区域。
2.6 Speed rate of detector shall be less than 150mm/s. 探测器的速度应小于150mm/s。
2.7 The sensitivity of detector shall be not less than base sensitivity. 探测器的灵敏度应不低于基准灵敏度。
2.8 Chemical paste shall be used for couplant.耦合剂应使用化学浆料。
2.9 Reference standard to be ASTM A388. 参考标准为ASTM A388。
3 Calibration Requirements 校准要求
A.Ultrasonic System. Calibrations shall include the complete ultrasonic system and shall be performed prior to use of the system in the thickness range under examination.
A.超声波系统。校准应包括完整的超声波系统，并应在使用该系统之前在受检厚度范围内进行。
B. Calibration Surface. Calibrations shall be performed from the surface (clad or unclad; convex or concave) corresponding to the surface of the material from which the examination will be performed.
B.校准表面。应从与待检查材料表面相对应的表面（包层或无包层；凸形或凹形）进行校准。
C.Couplant. The same couplant to be used during the examination shall be used for calibration.
C.耦合剂。应使用检查期间使用的相同耦合剂进行校准。
D. Calibration Block. The material from which the block is fabricated shall be of the same product form, material specification or equivalent P-Number grouping, and heat treatment as the material being examined.
D.校准块。制造砌块的材料应与被检材料具有相同的产品形式、材料规格或等效的P-Number分组和热处理。
(1) Tubular Product Calibration Blocks管状产品校准块
The calibration reflectors shall be longitudinal (axial) notches and shall have a length not to exceed 1 in.(25 mm), a width not to exceed 1⁄16 in. (1.5 mm), and notch depth shall be 8% of wall thickness, but not deeper than 2.0mm based on PGHPC-10-DE-000- PI-SPC-0003. The calibration block shall be long enough to simulate the handling of the product being examined through the examination equipment.
校准反射器应为纵向（轴向）凹口，长度不得超过1英寸（25毫米），宽度不得超过1/16英寸（1.5毫米），凹口深度应为壁厚的8%，但根据PGHPC-10-DE-000-PI-SPC-0003，深度不得超过2.0毫米。校准试块应足够长，以模拟通过检测设备对被检产品的处理。
(2) Casting Calibration Blocks. 铸造校准块。
Calibration blocks shall be the same thickness ±25% as the casting to be examined. (e) Sensitivity Settings. If any sensitivity setting has changed by more than 20% or 2 dB of its amplitude, correct the sensitivity calibration and note the correction in the examination record. If the sensitivity setting has decreased, all data sheets since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be marked void and the area covered by the voided data shall be reexamined. If the sensitivity setting has increased, all recorded indications since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be reexamined and their values shall be changed on the data sheets or re-recorded.
校准块的厚度应与待检查铸件的厚度相同，误差为±25%。（e） 灵敏度设置。如果任何灵敏度设置的变化超过其幅度的20%或2 dB，请校正灵敏度校准，并在检查记录中注明校正情况。如果灵敏度设置降低，则自上次有效校准或校准检查以来的所有数据表应标记为无效，并应重新检查无效数据覆盖的区域。如果灵敏度设置增加，则应重新检查自上次有效校准或校准检查以来记录的所有指示，并在数据表上更改其值或重新记录。
4 Methods
(a) Preparation of material材料准备
(1) All surfaces shall be clean and free of scale, dirt, grease, paint, or other foreign material that could interfere with interpretation of examination results. The methods used for cleaning and preparing the surfaces for ultrasonic examination shall not be detrimental to the base metal or the surface finish. Excessive surface roughness or scratches can produce signals that interfere with the examination.
所有表面应清洁，无氧化皮、污垢、油脂、油漆或其他可能干扰检查结果解释的异物。用于清洁和准备超声波检查表面的方法不得对基体金属或表面光洁度造成损害。过度的表面粗糙度或划痕会产生干扰检查的信号。
(2) The forging shall be machined to provide cylindrical surfaces for radial examination in the case of round forgings; the ends of the forgings shall be machined perpendicular to the axis of the forging for the axial examination. Faces of disk and rectangular forgings shall be machined flat and parallel to one another.
锻件应进行机加工，以便在圆形锻件的情况下提供圆柱形表面进行径向检查；锻件的端部应垂直于锻件的轴线进行加工，以便进行轴向检查。圆盘和矩形锻件的表面应加工平整且相互平行。
(3) The surface roughness of exterior finishes shall not exceed 250 μin. [6 μm] unless otherwise shown on the forging drawing or stated in the order or the contract.
(4) 外部饰面的表面粗糙度不得超过250μin。[6μm]，除非锻造图纸上另有说明或订单或合同中另有规定。
(b) Tubular Products. Tubular products shall be examined in accordance with ASTM A388, as applicable, except as amended by the requirements elsewhere in this Article
管状产品。管状产品应按照ASTM A388（如适用）进行检查，除非本条其他地方的要求进行了修改
(1) Examine the pipe or tubing with the ultrasound transmitted in both circumferential directions for longitudinal discontinuities and, when specified, in both axial directions for transverse discontinuities, under identical conditions used for equipment standardization.
在设备标准化所用的相同条件下，用沿两个圆周方向传输的超声波检查管道或管子的纵向不连续性，并在规定的情况下，在两个轴向方向上检查横向不连续性。
(2) Do not make any equipment adjustments, during examination, unless the complete standardization procedure described in Section 12 is performed after any such adjustment.
在检查过程中，除非在任何此类调整后执行了第12节中描述的完整标准化程序，否则不要对设备进行任何调整。
(3) The examination shall be applied to 100 % of the pipe or tubing unless otherwise specified.
除非另有规定，否则该检查应适用于100%的管道或管子。
(c) Forgings. Forgings shall be examined by Ultrasonic Examination 100% as per ASTM A388, except as amended by the requirements elsewhere in this Article.
锻件应按照ASTM A388进行100%超声波检验，除非本条其他地方的要求另有修改。
(1) Perform the ultrasonic examination after heat treatment for mechanical properties (exclusive of stress-relief treatments) but prior to drilling holes, cutting keyways, tapers, grooves, or machining sections to contour. If the configuration of the forging required for the treatment for mechanical properties prohibits a subsequent complete examination of the forging, it shall be permissible to examine prior to treatment for mechanical properties. In such cases, reexamine the forging ultrasonically as completely as possible after heat treatment.
在热处理后（不包括应力消除处理）但在钻孔、切割键槽、锥度、凹槽或将部分加工成轮廓之前进行超声波检查。如果机械性能处理所需的锻件配置禁止随后对锻件进行全面检查，则应允许在机械性能处理前进行检查。在这种情况下，应在热处理后尽可能全面地重新检查锻件。
(2) To ensure complete coverage of the forging volume, index the search unit with at least 10 % overlap with each pass based on PGHPC-10-DE-000-PI-SPC-0024.
为确保完全覆盖锻造体积，根据PGHPC-10-DE-000-PI-SPC-0024，对搜索单元进行索引，使其与每个焊道至少有10%的重叠。
(3) For manual scanning, do not exceed a scanning rate of 6 in./s [150 mm/s].
对于手动扫描，扫描速率不得超过6英寸/秒[150毫米/秒]。
(4) Repairs shall be re-examined by the same procedure used for original examination.
应按照与原始检查相同的程序重新检查维修
5 Angle-Beam Examination—Rings and Hollow Forgings 角度光束检查-环和空心锻造
In addition, examine hollow forgings by angle-beam technique from the outside diameter surface.
此外，通过斜射技术从外径表面检查空心锻件。
a. Perform the examination from the circumference of rings and hollow forgings that have an axial length greater than 2 in. [50 mm] and an outside to inside diameter ratio of less than 2.0 to 1.
从轴向长度大于2英寸[50毫米]且内外径比小于2.0比1的环和空心锻件的圆周进行检查。
b. Use a 1 MHz, 45° angle-beam search unit unless thickness, OD/ID ratio, or other geometric configuration results in failure to achieve calibration. Other frequencies may be used if desirable for better resolution, penetrability, or detectability of flaws. For angle-beam inspection of hollow forgings up to 2.0 to 1 ratio, provide the transducer with a wedge or shoe that will result in the beam mode and angle required by the size and shape of the cross section under examination.
使用1 MHz、45°角的波束搜索单元，除非厚度、OD/ID比或其他几何配置导致无法实现校准。如果需要更好的分辨率、穿透性或缺陷的可检测性，可以使用其他频率。对于比例高达2.0比1的空心锻件的斜射检查，为传感器提供一个楔形物或鞋形物，这将导致被检查横截面的尺寸和形状所需的光束模式和角度。
c. Calibration for Angle-Beam Examination: 斜射检查校准：
1) Calibration with a Physical Notch—Calibrate the instrument for the angle-beam examination to obtain an indication amplitude of approximately 75 % full-screen height from a rectangular or a 60° V-notch on inside diameter (ID) in the axial direction and parallel to the axis of the forging. A separate calibration standard may be used; however, it shall have the same nominal composition, heat treatment, and thickness as the forging it represents. The test surface finish on the calibration standard shall be comparable but no better than the item to be examined. Where a group of identical forgings is made, one of these forgings may be used as the separate calibration standard. Cut the ID notch depth to 3 % maximum of the thickness or 1 ⁄ 4 in. [6 mm], whichever is smaller, and its length approximately 1 in. [25 mm]. Thickness is defined as the thickness of the forging to be examined at the time of examination. At the same instrument setting, obtain a reflection from a similar OD notch. Draw a line through the peaks of the first reflections obtained from the ID and OD notches. This shall be the amplitude reference line. It is preferable to have the notches in excess metal or test metal when possible. When the OD notch cannot be detected when examining the OD surface, perform the examination when practicable (some ID’s may be too small to permit examination), as indicated above from both the OD and ID surfaces. Utilize the ID notch when inspecting from the OD, and the OD notch when inspecting from the ID.Curve wedges or shoes may be used when necessary
用物理凹口校准——校准斜射检查仪器，从内径（ID）上的矩形或60°V形凹口沿轴向平行于锻件轴线获得约75%全屏高度的指示振幅。可以使用单独的校准标准；然而，其标称成分、热处理和厚度应与其所代表的锻件相同。校准标准上的测试表面光洁度应与待检查项目相当，但不得优于待检查项目。如果制造了一组相同的锻件，其中一个锻件可以用作单独的校准标准。将ID凹口深度切割至厚度的最大3%或1/4英寸[6毫米]，以较小者为准，长度约为1英寸[25毫米]。厚度定义为检查时待检查锻件的厚度。在相同的仪器设置下，从类似的OD凹口获得反射。在从内径和外径凹口获得的第 一次反射的峰值上画一条线。这应该是振幅参考线。如果可能的话，最 好在多余的金属或测试金属中设置凹口。当检查OD表面时无法检测到OD凹口时，在可行的情况下进行检查（某些ID可能太小而无法进行检查），如上所述，从OD和ID表面进行检查。从外径检查时使用内径凹口，从内径检查时使用外径凹口。必要时可以使用曲线楔或滑块
2) Electronic DGS Calibration for Angle Beam—Prior to use verify that the electronic DGS curve matches the transducer size and frequency. Accuracy of the curve can be verified by reference blocks and procedures outlined in Practice E317. Angle beam calibration can be established by use of flat bottom holes, side drilled holes, notches or the back reflection. Separate test blocks may be employed provided they are machined with a reflecting surface. Square-, U- orV-shaped notches, side drilled or flat bottom holes maybe machined into the test block for this purpose. For the back reflection calibration a concave curved surface such as contained on an IIW, K1,or V1 test block may be used.
斜射电子DGS校准——使用前，请验证电子DGS曲线是否与传感器尺寸和频率匹配。曲线的准确性可以通过参考块和规程E317中概述的程序进行验证。可以通过使用平底孔、侧钻孔、凹口或背反射来建立角束校准。可以使用单独的试块，前提是它们被加工成具有反射表面。为此，可以在试块上加工方形、U形或V形凹口、侧钻或平底孔。对于背反射校准，可以使用凹曲面，例如IIW、K1或V1试块上包含的凹曲面。
d. Perform the examination by scanning over the entire surface area circumferentially in both the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions from the OD surface. Examine forgings, which cannot be examined axially using a straight beam, in both axial directions with an angle-beam search unit.For axial scanning, use rectangular or 60° V-notches on the ID and OD for the calibration. These notches shall be perpendicular to the axis of the forging and the same dimensions as the axial notch.
从外径表面沿顺时针和逆时针方向对整个表面区域进行周向扫描，以进行检查。使用斜射束搜索装置在两个轴向方向上检查锻件，这些锻件无法使用直梁进行轴向检查。对于轴向扫描，在内径和外径上使用矩形或60°V形凹口进行校准。这些凹口应垂直于锻件的轴线，尺寸与轴向凹口相同。
6 Acceptance Criteria验收标准
No indications larger than some percentage of the reference back reflection. No indications equal to or larger than the indication received form the flat-bottom hole in a specific reference block or blocks. No areas showing loss of back reflection larger than some percentage of the reference back reflection. No indications exceeding the reference level specified in the DGS method. For examinations using DAC calibrations, any imperfection with an indication amplitude in excess of 20% of DAC shall be investigated to the extent that it can be evaluated in terms of the acceptance criteria of the referencing Code Section.
没有迹象大于参考背反射的某个百分比。没有迹象等于或大于特定参考块中平底孔的迹象。没有任何区域的背反射损失大于参考背反射的某个百分比。没有迹象超过DGS方法中规定的参考水平。对于使用DAC校准的检查，应调查指示幅度超过DAC 20%的任何缺陷，以便根据参考规范部分的验收标准进行评估。
7 Certifications认证
UT report shall be presented and same shall be strictly kept in the archives. Report format as attached.
应提交超声波检测报告，并严格保存在档案中。报告格式见附件。